Eventos estresantes de la vida y consumo de alcohol en adultos mayores / Stressful life events and alcohol consumption in elderly

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los Eventos Estresantes de la Vida y el consumo de alcohol en los Adultos Mayores. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, en 39 participantes de Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, México. Se aplicó una Cédula de Datos Personales, el Inventario de Estrés en la Vida de Adultos Mayores y el Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Versión Geriatric. Resultados: El 82.1% de los participantes pertenece al sexo femenino, existieron diferencias en las medias del puntaje del consumo de alcohol de acuerdo con el sexo (U = 70.00; p < 0.05). Los eventos que se relacionaron con el consumo de alcohol fueron la muerte de un hijo(a) (rs =.393, p = .013), el deterioro del estado financiero (rs =.342, p =.033), el cambiarse a una casa menos cómoda (rs =.560, p= .001 y la pérdida de un amigo(a) rs =.409, p = .010). Conclusiones: Los eventos estresantes pueden impactar de forma negativa al AM e influir en el consumo de alcohol como una estrategia de afrontamiento.

Abstract Objective: Determine the relationship between stressful life events and alcohol consumption in elders. Materials and methods: Correlational descriptive study, in 39 participants from Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, Mexico. A personal data record, the Stress Inventory in the Life of Older Adults and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Geriatric Version were applied. Results: 82.1% of participants were females, there were differences in the means of the alcohol consumption score according to sex (U = 70.00, p < 0.05). The events that were related to alcohol consumption were the death of a son (rs = .393, p = .013), the deterioration of the financial state (rs = .342, p = .033), the change to a less comfortable house (rs = .560, p = .000) and the loss of a friend rs = .409, p = .010). Conclusions: Stressful events can negatively impact AM and influence alcohol consumption as a coping strategy.

Subestructuración teórica: Modelo de Estrés Laboral, Autotrascendencia y Consumo y No Consumo de Alcohol y Benzodiacepinas en Mujeres / Theoretical Sub structuring: Model of Work Stress, Self-transcendence, and Consumption and Non-Consumption of Alcohol and Benzodiazepines in Women

El estrés laboral en las mujeres se incrementa por el trabajo no remunerado que realizan y que incluye las tareas del hogar, el cuidado de los hijos y el cuidado de familiares enfermos. La sobrecarga de trabajo genera en las mujeres mayores niveles de estrés, depresión y ansiedad. El objetivo es explicar el desarrollo del Modelo de estrés laboral, autotrascendencia y consumo y no consumo de alcohol y benzodiacepinas en mujeres. Se incluyen los conceptos principales de la Teoría de la Auto Trascendencia, autotrascendencia, vulnerabilidad, bienestar, factores personales y contextuales. Los conceptos propuestos en el modelo son espiritualidad, inteligencia emocional, estrés laboral y no consumo de alcohol y benzodiacepinas. Para la subestructuración se identifican y aíslan los conceptos principales, se especifican las relaciones entre ellos; se ordenan jerárquicamente y se lleva a cabo la representación de las relaciones entre variables.(AU)

Work stress in women is increased by the unpaid work they perform, which includes housework, childcare and caring for sick family members. Work overload generates higher levels of stress, depression and anxiety in women. The aim is to explain the development of work stress model, self-transcendence and consumption and non consumption of alcohol and benzodiazepines in women. The main concepts of the Self-Transcendence Theory, self-transcendence, vulnerability, well-being, personal and contextual factors are included. The concepts proposed in the model are spirituality, emotional intelligence, work stress and non consumption of alcohol and benzodiazepines. For the substructuring the main concepts are identified and isolated, the relationships between them are specified; they are ordered hierarchically and the representation of the relationships between variables is carried out.(AU)

Clima escolar como factor protector para el consumo de drogas en adolescentes de preparatoria / School climate as a protective factor for substance use in high school adolescents

Resumen Marco contextual: El clima escolar se considera un factor protector para el consumo de drogas. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación del clima escolar con el consumo de drogas por los adolescentes. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional predictivo. Muestreo por conglomerados unietápico y una muestra de 227 estudiantes de 15 a 18 años. Se aplicó una Cédula de Identificación de Características Personales y Consumo de Drogas y la Escala de Clima Escolar (MDS3). Resultados: Se identificó que cuando existe percepción positiva de seguridad (OR = 0,904; p < 0,01), existe menor consumo de alcohol en la última semana, lo que explica el 8,2% de la varianza. Por otra parte, el clima escolar positivo no predice el consumo de tabaco, sin embargo, existe menor probabilidad de consumo de tabaco en el último año cuando existe una percepción positiva del ambiente escolar (OR = 0,884; p < 0,05). Conclusión: La percepción positiva de seguridad en el clima escolar se asocia con el no consumo de alcohol en la última semana, sin embargo, no predice el consumo de tabaco.

Abstract Background: The school climate is a protective factor for substance use. Objective: To identify the association between school climate and substance use in adolescents. Methodology: Predictive descriptive-correlational study. Single-stage cluster sampling and a sample of 227 students aged 15 to 18 years. A Personal Traits and Drug Consumption Identity Card and the School Climate Survey (MDS3) were applied. Results: Participants had a positive perception of safety (OR = 0.904; p < 0.01). There was less alcohol consumption in the last week, explaining 8.2% of the variance. Although a positive school climate does not predict tobacco use, a positive perception of the school environment results in a lower probability of tobacco use in the last year (OR = 0.884; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although a positive perception of safety in the school climate is associated with no alcohol consumption in the last week, it does not predict tobacco use.

Resumo Enquadramento: O clima escolar é considerado um fator de proteção para o consumo de drogas. Objetivo: Identificar a associação do clima escolar com o uso de drogas por adolescentes. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo correlacional preditivo. Amostragem por conglomerados num estágio e amostra de 227 alunos de 15 a 18 anos. Foram aplicados o Cartão de Identificação de Características Pessoais e Consumo de Medicamentos e a Escala de Clima Escolar (MDS3). Resultados: Identificou-se que quando há perceção positiva de segurança (OR = 0,904; p < 0,01) há menor consumo de álcool na última semana, explicando 8,2% da variância. Por outro lado, um clima escolar positivo não prediz o uso de tabaco, porém, há menor probabilidade de uso de tabaco no último ano quando há uma perceção positiva do ambiente escolar (OR = 0,884; p < 0,05). Conclusão: A perceção positiva de segurança no clima escolar está associada ao não consumo de álcool na última semana, porém não prediz o uso de tabaco.

Análisis y evaluación de la Teoría de Auto-trascendencia / Analysis and evaluation of the Theory of Self-transcendence

La Teoría de la Auto-trascendencia es una teoría de rango medio que tiene como objetivo comprender y explicar el bienestar en la etapa adulta, durante el proceso de crecimiento o en las experiencias trascendentales de la vida. Esta teoría es de uso frecuente en la literatura de enfermería, por lo que se considera oportuno analizarla y evaluarla. El propósito del presente trabajo fue analizar y evaluar la Teoría de Auto-trascendencia, mediante los criterios propuestos por Fawcett. Se analizó el alcance, el contexto y contenido y se evaluó su significancia, consistencia interna, parsimonia, capacidad de comprobación, adecuación empírica y adecuación pragmática. Se concluye que la teoría es útil y aplicable en varias poblaciones y en diferentes momentos y situaciones de la vida y es referente significativo para la enfermería, ya que presenta consistencia interna sólida, es parsimoniosa, ha sido demostrada su aplicabilidad y pragmatismo, y ha mostrado solidez en sus proposiciones y conceptos. (AU)

Self-transcendence is a middle-range theory that aims to understand and explain well-being in adulthood, during the growth process, or in momentous life experiences. This theory is frequently used in the nursing literature, so it is considered appropriate to analyze and evaluate it. The purpose of this work was to analyze and evaluate the Theory of Self-transcendence, using the criteria proposed by Fawcett. The scope, context and content were analyzed and their significance, internal consistency, parsimony, verifiability, empirical adequacy and pragmatic adequacy were evaluated. It is concluded that the theory is useful and applicable in various populations, and in different moments and situations of life and is a significant reference for nursing since it presents solid internal consistency, it is parsimonious, its applicability and pragmatism have been demonstrated, and it has shown solidity in its propositions and concepts. (AU)

Illness Process and Recovery From the Perspective of the Alcoholic Patient.

The aim of this work was to gain understanding, using the self-transcendence theory, of the perspective of the alcoholic patient. This was a qualitative study using the grounded theory method. Eight semistructured interviews were conducted with alcohol-dependent individuals. Eleven categories emerged that allowed for understanding the process of becoming alcohol dependent to later seeking help and maintaining abstinence through the intervention program developed by Alcoholics Anonymous.

Habilidades de la inteligencia emocional en relación con el consumo de drogas ilícitas en adultos: una revisión sistemática / Emotional intelligence skills in relation to illicit drug use in adults: a systematic review / Habilidades da inteligência emocional em relação ao consumo de drogas ilícitas em adultos: uma revisão sistemática

Introducción: La evaluación de la inteligencia emocional (IE) es centro de interés para profesionales de diversos campos de la salud y la educación. Objetivo: Identificar el estado del arte de las habilidades de la IE y las posibles relaciones con el consumo de drogas en adultos. Metodología: Se utilizó como guía la Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Se formuló la pregunta de investigación para dar respuesta al objetivo, se definieron los criterios de selección y, posteriormente, se buscaron artículos para el periodo 2007-2018 en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science y OVID. Mediante el programa EndNote, se evaluaron los estudios para el análisis de los datos y sintetizarlos. Resultados: Se identificaron 1172 artículos a través de las bases de datos y se eligieron 15 estudios, de los cuales solo 3 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y calidad metodológica. Una baja IE da por resultado un consumo más intenso y frecuente de sustancias ilegales; por ende, una mayor dificultad en el manejo y regulación emocional. Conclusiones: La investigación de la IE y las adicciones son relativamente nuevas y se necesitan más estudios para comprender esta relación con mayor detalle.

Introduction: The evaluation of emotional intelligence (EI) is of particular interest for professionals in various fields of health and education. Objective: To identify the state of the art of research on EI skills and the possible relationships with drug use in adults. Methodology: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) was used as a guide. First, the research question was defined to provide an answer for the objective; then, the selection criteria were established; and, finally, articles for the period 2007-2018 were found through a search in the Pub Med, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and OVID databases. Studies were then assessed and analyzed using EndNote and subsequently summarized to extract their corresponding theses. Results: A total 1,172 articles were identified across databases, out of which 15 studies were chosen and from these only 3 met the eligibility criteria and methodological quality. The sample shows that a lower EI leads to a more intense and frequent consumption of illegal substances, thus leading to greater difficulties in emotional management and regulation. Conclusions: Research on EI and addictions is relatively new, and more studies are needed to understand this relationship in greater detail.

Introdução: a avaliação da inteligência emocional (IE) é centro de interesse para profissionais de diversos campos da saúde e do ensino. Objetivo: Identificar o estado da arte das habilidades da IE, inteligência emocional, e os possíveis relacionamentos com consumo de drogas em adultos. Metodologia: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) foi usada como guia. Primeiro, a pergunta de pesquisa para dar resposta ao objetivo foi formulada, definiram-se os critérios de seleção e, posteriormente, a busca de artigos no período 2007-2018 foi feita. As bases de dados foram Pub Med, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science e OVID. Por meio do programa EndNote avaliaram-se os estudos para realizar a análise, síntese e descrição dos dados. Resultados: Foram identificados 1,172 artigos das bases de dados e elegeram-se 15 estudos, dos quais apenas três preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e qualidade metodológica. Uma amostra baixa de IE resulta em um consumo mais intenso e frequente de sustâncias ilegais, portanto, maior dificuldade no maneio e regulação emocional. Conclusões: A pesquisa da IE e as adições é relativamente nova e são precisos mais estudos para compreender essa relação com maior detalhe.

Environmental factors and awareness of colorectal cancer in people at familial risk. / Fatores ambientais e conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal em pessoas com risco familiar.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the association between environmental risk factors and awareness of colorectal cancer in people at familial risk. METHOD: cross-sectional correlational study, with a sample consisted of people who met at least one of the Revised Bethesda criteria, and 80 participants were included in this study. A sociodemographic data record, the AUDIT Test for alcohol use, the Fagerström Test for tobacco smoking, the Estimation and Frequency of Food Intake scale, and the Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire to assess the colorectal cancer awareness were used. Body mass index was calculated, and descriptive statistics and the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to estimate the association. RESULTS: female sex predominated, with an average age of 37.8 years, almost half of the participants were overweight, 45% showed symptoms of alcohol dependence, half of the sample showed an association between hereditary factors and the development of colorectal cancer, and less than half of them were aware of cancer prevention programs. CONCLUSION: there is little information on the main environmental risk factors, signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer, and no significant association was found between these and colorectal cancer awareness.

Percepción de riesgo ante el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de Saltillo / Risk Perception for alcohol and tobacco consumption in Saltillo's Health Sciences students

Introducción: Los problemas de salud pública causados por el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas han alcanzado proporciones alarmantes y constituyen a escala mundial una carga sanitaria y social importante y en gran medida prevenible. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre la percepción de riesgo y consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud de una institución pública educativa de Saltillo, Coahuila, México. Metodología: El diseño del estudio es de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, con una muestra de 609 estudiantes seleccionados por el muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Se utilizó una cédula de datos personales y de prevalencia de consumo de alcohol y tabaco, el cuestionario de percepción de riesgo hacia el Consumo de Drogas Lícitas y la Prueba de Identificación de Desórdenes por Uso de Alcohol. El presente estudio se apegó a lo dispuesto en el Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud en Materia de Investigación para la Salud en Seres Humanos en México. Resultados: La cantidad de cigarrillos consumidos y la edad de los participantes presentaron una relación estadísticamente significativa (rs=0.156, p= .026) al igual que la percepción de riesgo y la cantidad de bebidas Alcohólicas consumidas, tuvo una relación significativa negativa (rs=-0.102, p=.026 Conclusión: El estudio aporta información veraz y oportuna en cuanto al perfil del consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud

Introduction: Public health problems caused by the consumption of psychoactive substances have reached alarming proportions and constitute an important and largely prevenTable health and social burden on a global scale. Objective: To identify the relationship between risk perception and alcohol and tobacco consumption in health sciences university students of a public educational institution of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Methodology: The study design is descriptive and correlational, with a sample of 609 students selected by stratified probabilistic sampling. A personal data card and the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco consumption, the risk perception questionnaire for the consumption of licit drugs and the test for the identification of disorders due to alcohol use were used. The present study is under the provisions of the Regulation of the General Health Law on Research for Health in Human Beings in Mexico. Results: The amount of cigarettes consumed and the age of the participants presented a statistically significant relationship (rs=0.156, p= .026) as well as the perception of risk and the amount of alcoholic beverages consumed, had a significant negative relationship (rs=-0.102, p=.026). Conclusion: The study provides accurate and timely information regarding the profile of alcohol and tobacco consumption in health science students

Comunicación familiar de padres e hijos y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes / Communication between parents and children and alcohol consumption in adolescents

Objetivo. Determinar la comunicación familiar de padres e hijos y su relación con el consumo de alcohol de los adolescentes. Método. Estudio descriptivo transversal y correlacional, muestra aleatoria conformada por una diada de 153 adolescentes de 12 a 17 años con sus respectivos padre o madre. Resultados. La prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes fue del 26.1%, también presentaron puntuaciones bajas de comunicación familiar (x=31.50), así mismo se presentó relación negativa y significativa entre la comunicación familiar y el consumo de alcohol (rs=-.223, p=.041) del adolescente, lo que indica que a mayor comunicación familiar menor es el consumo de alcohol de los adolescentes. Conclusión. Se presentaron prevalencias de consumo de alcohol tanto en hijos como en padres. Respecto a la comunicación familiar los adolescentes se mostraron menos satisfechos en comparación con los padres. Los adolescentes que presentaron mayor comunicación familiar, se relacionaron con menor consumo de alcohol

Objective. To determine family communication between parents and children and their relationship with adolescents' alcohol consumption. Method.Transversal and correlational descriptive study, random sample consisting of a dyad of 153 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with their respective father or mother. Results. The prevalence of alcohol consumption in adolescents was 26.1%. Adolescents reported low family communication scores. Likewise, there was a significant, negative relationship between family communication and alcohol consumption by the adolescent (rs = - .223, p = .041), which indicates that the greater the family communication, the lower the alcohol consumption of adolescents. Conclusions.There as a prevalence of alcohol consumption in both children and parents. Regarding family communication, adolescents were less satisfied than their parents. Less alcohol consumption was reported for adolescents who had greater family communication

Fatores ambientais e conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal em pessoas com risco familiar / Environmental factors and awareness of colorectal cancer in people at familial risk / Factores ambientales y conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal en personas con riesgo familiar

Objetivo identificar a associação entre os fatores de risco ambientais e a conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal em pessoas com risco familiar. Método estudo correlacional de corte transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por pessoas que cumpriam pelo menos um dos critérios de Bethesda Revisados, sendo 80 participantes incluídos no estudo. Foram utilizados uma ficha com dados sociodemográficos, o Teste AUDIT para o consumo de álcool, o Teste de Fagerström para o tabagismo, a escala de Estimativa e Consumo de Alimentos, e o questionário Cancer Awareness Measure para avaliar a conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal. O índice de massa corporal foi calculado, e estatísticas descritivas e o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson foram usados para estimar a associação. Resultados o sexo feminino foi o mais prevalente, com média de idade de 37,8 anos, quase metade dos participantes apresentava sobrepeso, 45% apresentavam sintomas de dependência de álcool, metade da amostra teve o fator hereditário relacionado com o desenvolvimento de câncer colorretal, e menos da metade conhecia programas preventivos deste câncer. Conclusão há pouca informação sobre os principais fatores de risco ambientais, sinais e sintomas do câncer colorretal, e nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada entre eles e conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal.

Objective to identify the association between environmental risk factors and awareness of colorectal cancer in people at familial risk. Method cross-sectional correlational study, with a sample consisted of people who met at least one of the Revised Bethesda criteria, and 80 participants were included in this study. A sociodemographic data record, the AUDIT Test for alcohol use, the Fagerström Test for tobacco smoking, the Estimation and Frequency of Food Intake scale, and the Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire to assess the colorectal cancer awareness were used. Body mass index was calculated, and descriptive statistics and the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to estimate the association. Results female sex predominated, with an average age of 37.8 years, almost half of the participants were overweight, 45% showed symptoms of alcohol dependence, half of the sample showed an association between hereditary factors and the development of colorectal cancer, and less than half of them were aware of cancer prevention programs. Conclusion there is little information on the main environmental risk factors, signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer, and no significant association was found between these and colorectal cancer awareness.

Objetivo identificar la asociación entre factores de riesgo ambientales y la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal en personas con riesgo familiar. Método estudio transversal correlacional; la muestra estuvo constituida por personas que cumplieran al menos uno de los criterios de Bethesda Revisados; se incluyeron 80 participantes en el estudio; se empleó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos, el Test AUDIT para el consumo de alcohol, Test de Fagerström para el consumo de tabaco, escala Estimación y Consumo de Alimento y el cuestionario Cancer Awareness Measure para la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal, además se calculó el índice de masa corporal; se obtuvo estadística descriptiva y el Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson para la asociación. Resultados predominó el sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 37,8 años; casi la mitad de los participantes presentó sobrepeso, un 45% mostró síntomas de dependencia al alcohol, la mitad de la muestra relaciona el factor hereditario con el desarrollo de cáncer colorrectal y menos de la mitad conoce programas preventivos sobre el mismo. Conclusión existe poca información sobre los principales factores de riesgo ambientales, signos y síntomas del cáncer colorrectal; no se encontró una asociación significativa entre estos y la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal.

Valores, espiritualidad y consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de preparatoria / Values, spirituality and alcohol consumption in high school students

Introducción: Los valores y la espiritualidad se han identificado como factores protectores que disminuyen el desarrollo de comportamientos riesgosos en los adolescentes como el consumo de alcohol. Objetivo: Identificar los valores y la espiritualidad en adolescentes de preparatoria y determinar la relación que existe entre los valores y la espiritualidad con el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de preparatoria. Método: Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo correlacional. La población fue de 4728 estudiantes de una preparatoria del área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico estratificado unietápico, la muestra estuvo conformada por 317 sujetos inscritos. Las variables se evaluaron mediante el Cuestionario de Valores de Schwartz (VAL), el Cuestionario de Espiritualidad (CE) y el AUDIT. Resultados: Se encontró que el índice general de valores mostró una media de 70.4 (DE=11.1, Mdn= 70.54), el índice de espiritualidad mostró una media de 66.3 (DE=13.4, Mdn= 67.82). Se encontró correlación positiva y significativa entre las creencias espirituales y el índice de consumo dependiente de alcohol (rs = .181, p = .016), correlación negativa significativa entre las creencias espirituales y la cantidad de bebidas alcohólicas consumidas por ocasión (rs = -.117, p = .038) y correlación positiva y significativa entre las necesidades espirituales y el índice de consumo dañino (rs = .180, p = .017). Conclusiones: Los adolescentes que tienen mayores creencias espirituales y necesidades espirituales presentan mayor consumo de alcohol dependiente y dañino. Los adolescentes que presentan mayores creencias espirituales consumen menor cantidad de bebidas alcohólicas por ocasión

Introduction: Values and spirituality have been identified as protective factors that decrease the development of risky behaviors in adolescents such as alcohol consumption. Aim: To identify values and spirituality in high school adolescents and determine the relationship between values and spirituality with alcohol consumption in high school adolescents. Method: A descriptive correlational design was used. The population was of 4728 students from a high school in the central area of Monterrey, Nuevo León. It was used a a single-stage stratified probabilistic sampling, the sample consisted of 317 enrolled subjects. The variables were evaluated using the Schwartz Values Questionnaire (VAL), the Spirituality Questionnaire (CE) and the AUDIT. Results: It was found that the general index of values showed an average of 70.4 (SD= 11.1, Mdn= 70.54), the spirituality index showed an average of 66.3 (SD = 13.4, Mdn = 67.82). A positive and significant correlation was found between spiritual beliefs and the index of alcohol dependent consumption (rs = .181, p = .016), a significant negative correlation between spiritual beliefs and the number of alcoholic beverages consumed per occasion (rs = .117, p = .038) and positive and significant correlation between spiritual needs and the index of harmful consumption (rs = .180, p = .017). Conclusions: Adolescents who have greater spiritual beliefs and spiritual needs are more dependent on harmful alcohol consumption

Factors Associated with Not Drinking Alcoholic Beverages in Dependent Individuals on Recovery.

OBJECTIVES: This work sought to determine the association between personal factors and not drinking alcoholic beverages in alcohol-dependent individuals on recovery process. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. The sample was comprised by 119 adult belonging to 50 Alcoholics Anonymous groups in Saltillo, Coahuila (Mexico). The sampling was simple random, by conglomerates (AA groups). To gather the information, a Personal Data Card was used along with a history on alcohol consumption and the instruments Scale on Social Readjustment Classification, Spiritual Perspective Scale, Schwartz Values Survey, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS: The time without alcohol consumption was related positively with age (r=0.59) and spirituality (r=0.29) and negatively with stressful events (r=-0.31). The Multiple Linear Regression Model explained 32.5% of the variance, with age being the variable remaining in the model and which affected not drinking alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSIONS: Values and spirituality favor not drinking alcoholic beverages in individuals in the process of recovering from the dependence, while exposure to stressful events increases vulnerability to alcohol consumption.

Perspectiva espiritualidad en integrantes de alcohólicos anónimos: estudio piloto / Perspective spirituality in members of alcoholics anonymous: pilot study

La espiritualidad es un concepto que se ha relacionado de manera positiva con la salud física y mental de las personas y se ha observado que juega un papel importante en el manejo y recuperación del abuso de sustancias como el alcohol. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la perspectiva espiritual de los integrantes de AA (Alcohólicos anónimos). El diseño fue cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por integrantes de AA de 3 municipios suburbanos de Nuevo León, México. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico, la muestra estuvo conformada por 35 adultos pertenecientes a los grupos de AA, se utilizó la Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual (SPS). Los resultados muestran que el promedio del índice de espiritualidad en los participantes fue de 66.33 (DE = 17.23), el promedio de prácticas espirituales fue de 59.64 (DE = 25.11) y el de creencias espirituales fue de 70.70 (DE = 16.60). Se concluye que los integrantes de AA tienen un nivel alto de espiritualidad total, en prácticas espirituales y en creencias espirituales (AU)

Spirituality is a concept that has been linked positively with physical and mental health of people and has been found to play an important role in the management and recovery of substance abuse like alcohol. The main objective of this study was to determine the spiritual perspective of the members of AA. The design was quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional. The population consisted of members of AA 3 suburban municipalities of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. A non-probability sampling was performed, the sample consisted of 35 adults from AA groups, Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) was used. The results show that the average rate of spirituality in the participants was 66.33 (SD = 17.23), the average spiritual practices was 59.64 (SD = 25.11) and spiritual belief was 70.70 (SD = 16.60). It is concluded that AA members have a high level of total spirituality, spiritual practices and spiritual beliefs (AU)

Consumption of alcohol and tobacco in adolescentes / Consumo álcool e tabaco entre os adolescentes / Consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes

The aim was to identify the alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption among adolescents. The design was descriptive, the population consisted of 386 subjects aged 15 to 20 years old of Monterrey, Nuevo León high school. Participants responded to a questionary of data and AUDIT. The results show that the number of drinks consumed on a typical day was 6 standard drinks (SD= 6.6) and consumed an average of 2 cigarettes per drinking occasion (SD= 2.4). Alcoholic beverages index U= 15682; = 2.4 (p= 0.006) and the number of cigarettes U = 16197; = .42 (p = .007) is higher in men than in women.

O objetivo foi identificar o consumo de álcool e o tabaco entre os adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e a população foi constituída por 386 indivíduos com 15 a 20 anos de uma escola de ensino médio de Monterrey, Nuevo León. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e o AUDIT. Os resultados mostram que o número de bebidas consumidas em um dia típico foi de 6 bebidas padrão (DE= 6.6) e consumiu uma média de 2 cigarros por ocasião de beber (DE= 2.4). Índice de bebidas alcoólicas U= 15682; = 4.33 (p= 0.006) e o número de cigarros U= 16197; = 1.01 (p= 0.007) é maior em homens do que em mulheres.

El objetivo fue identificar el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en los adolescentes. El diseño fue descriptivo, la población estuvo conformada por 386 sujetos de entre 15 años a 20 años de una preparatoria Monterrey, Nuevo León. Los participantes respondieron una Cédula de Datos y el AUDIT. Los resultados muestran que la cantidad de bebidas consumidas en un día típico fue de 6 bebidas estándar (DE= 6.6) y consumen en promedio 2 cigarrillos por ocasión de consumo (DE= 2.4). El índice de bebidas alcohólicas U= 15682; = 4.33 (p= .006) y la cantidad de cigarrillos U= 16197; = 1.01 (p= .007) es mayor en hombres que en mujeres.

Teoría de situación específica de autotrascendencia en dependientes del alcohol en proceso de recuperación / Theory of the Specific Situation of Self-transcendence in Persons Recovering from Alcohol Dependence / Teoria de situação específica de autotranscendência em dependentes do álcool em processo de recuperação

La creación de modelos y teorías de enfermería, enfocadas en fenómenos específicos, contribuye a la práctica y el desarrollo de la disciplina de enfermería. Objetivo: presentar una derivación teórica y proponer un modelo sobre la teoría de autotrascendencia en personas dependientes del alcohol en proceso de recuperación. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una derivación teórica mediante la metodología propuesta por Walker y Avant. Resultados: adaptación del Modelo de Autotrascendencia en personas dependientes del alcohol en proceso de recuperación en Alcohólicos Anónimos. Conclusiones: el modelo puede ser útil para explicar cómo las personas dependientes del alcohol, que se encuentran en tratamiento, logran el bienestar y cuáles son los factores que influyen durante el proceso.

The creation of nursing models and theories focused on specific phenomena contributes to the practice and development of the discipline of nursing. Objective: The purpose of this study is to present a theoretical derivation and propose a model on the theory of self-transcendence in persons recovering from alcohol dependence. Materials and methods: A theoretical derivation was done using the method proposed by Walker and Avant. Results: Adaption of the self-transcendence model in alcohol-dependent persons who are involved in a recovery process as part of Alcoholics Anonymous. Conclusions: The model can be useful in explaining how alcohol dependent persons, who are in treatment, achieve well-being and what are the influencing factors during the process.

A criação de modelos e teorias de enfermagem enfocados em fenómenos específicos contribui para a prática e desenvolvimento da disciplina de enfermagem. Objetivo: apresentar uma derivação teórica e propor um modelo sobre a Teoria de Autotranscendência em pessoas dependentes do álcool em processo de recuperação. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se uma derivação teórica mediante a metodologia proposta por Walker e Avant. Resultados: adaptação do Modelo de Autotranscendência em pessoas dependentes do álcool em processo de recuperação em Alcóolicos Anônimos. Conclusões: o modelo pode ser útil para explicar como as pessoas dependentes do álcool, que se encontram em tratamento, atingem o bem-estar e quais são os fatores que influenciam durante o processo.

La familia y el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios / Family and alcohol consumption in university students

El consumo de alcohol constituye un problema de salud pública por la alta prevalencia del consumo, la mortalidad y trastornos mentales asociados a éste, principalmente en los jóvenes. Objetivo: Identificar la relación e influencia de la historia familiar de consumo de alcohol sobre el consumo de alcohol en los estudiantes universitarios. Material y método: El estudio fue descriptivo, correlacional y predictivo. La población fueron estudiantes universitarios. El muestreo fue aleatorio estratificado con asignación proporcional al tamaño del estrato. Dentro de cada estrato se empleó muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados unietápico. La muestra fueron 680 estudiantes universitarios, poder estadístico del 90%. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Inventario de Historia Familiar de Consumo de Alcohol y Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos debidos al Consumo de Alcohol. Resultados: El presentar historia familiar de consumo de alcohol influye de una manera importante en el consumo de alcohol de los estudiantes (B = 0.080, p = 0.001). Conclusión: La historia familiar de consumo de alcohol influye en el consumo de alcohol de los estudiantes. Se propone un modelo predictivo, el cual en un futuro sirva para la creación de intervenciones de enfermería dirigidas a esta población y sus familias.

Alcohol consumption is considered a public health problem due to the high use prevalence, mortality and mental disorders associated, particularly in young people. Objective: To identify family history consumption and its relation and influence on alcohol consumption in students. Methods: The study was descriptive, correlational and predictive. The population were university students. Stratified random sampling allocation was proportional to the size of the stratum. Within each stratum was used one-stage random cluster sampling. The sample was composed of 680 college students, with 90% statistical power. Instruments used were the Family History Inventory of Alcohol Consumption and Disorder Identification Questionnaire due to Alcohol Consumption. Results: The present family history of alcohol consumption influenced in a major way the consumption of alcohol by students (B = 0.080, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Family history of alcohol consumption influences alcohol consumption of students. The contribution of this study is to propose a predictive model which in the future will help in the creation of nursing interventions aimed at this population and their families.